The Royal Connection: Shih Tzu in Imperial China – A Glimpse into History and Culture

Britta Thygesen 27.04.2023 0

As you stroll through ancient Chinese palaces adorned with stunning art and vibrant colors, you may notice small, fluffy companions following the Imperial family. These adorable creatures were none other than the Shih Tzu – a breed cherished by Chinese nobility for centuries. But how did this small dog become such a beloved fixture in the royal court, and what role did they play in ancient Chinese culture? Join us as we explore the fascinating history of the Shih Tzu, from their mysterious origins to their enduring popularity in modern times.

Origins of Shih Tzu

The history of the beloved Shih Tzu breed is shrouded in mystery, but it is believed to date back to ancient China. Despite extensive research, there is no clear consensus on the exact origins of this petite and charming dog. However, there are several legends and theories that attempt to unravel the puzzle of the Shih Tzu’s ancestry. Some researchers propose that the breed is descended from the cross-breeding of several different small dog breeds in Tibet, while others believe that they have their roots in ancient Chinese history. One theory even suggests that the origin of the Shih Tzu is linked to Buddhism. Let’s explore these fascinating and varied theories in more detail.

The Legend of the Lion Dog

According to Buddhist legend, the Shih Tzu breed originated in Tibet. The legend speaks of a small mountain dog called “Abo,” who was the loyal companion of Buddha. The lion, known as the “King of Beasts,” was an important symbol in Buddhist culture. Thus, when the Shih Tzu breed was created, it was intended to look like a miniature lion.

The name “Shih Tzu” literally translates to “lion dog” in Chinese, a reference to its lion-like appearance. The breed was highly esteemed in China and was known for its royal bearing and affectionate nature.

Legend has it that a small number of these prized dogs were brought to China, where they were gifted to the imperial court during the Tang Dynasty. The emperor was so taken with the dogs that he commanded a breeding program to ensure that the dogs would always be part of the royal court.

Over time, the breed evolved into the lovable companion that we know today, but its royal connections and regal bearing remain. It is no wonder that the Shih Tzu is still such a popular breed today – it has a rich history and cultural significance that makes it truly unique.

Buddhist legend	The legend speaks of a small mountain dog called “Abo”, who was the loyal companion of Buddha. According to this legend, Shih Tzu originated in Tibet.
Chinese name of the breed	The name “Shih Tzu” literally translates to “lion dog” in Chinese.
History of the breed in imperial China	A small number of these prized dogs were brought to China during the Tang Dynasty, where they were gifted to the imperial court. The emperor became enamored with these dogs and commanded a breeding program to ensure that the Shih Tzu would always be part of the royal court.
Evolution of the breed	The Shih Tzu breed evolved into the lovable companion that we know today, but its royal connections and regal bearing remain.

Development of Shih Tzu breed

The Shih Tzu breed has a long and intricate history, with many theories about its origins. The breed is believed to have originated in Tibet and was brought to China in the 17th century. Through selective cross-breeding, the Shih Tzu was developed into the beloved lap dog that we know today.

One theory suggests that the Shih Tzu was created by crossing a Pekingese with a Lhasa Apso. Another possibility is that the breed was created by crossing a Pekingese with a Shih Tzu Kou. The Shih Tzu Kou was a small dog that was found in China during the Ming Dynasty. However, these theories cannot be confirmed, as there is no concrete documentation.

One fact that is commonly accepted is that the Shih Tzu breed was developed for Chinese royalty. The royal breeders carefully selected traits that would create a small, sturdy, and loyal companion dog. It’s believed that the first Shih Tzu puppies were sent as gifts to various emperors in the Imperial Court.

The breed was kept strictly within the royal court, and breeding with other dogs was prohibited. This ensured that the desired characteristics of the Shih Tzu breed were maintained. Eventually, the breed became so popular that commoners began to keep them as well.

Over time, the Shih Tzu’s appearance evolved to match the royal preferences. Early Shih Tzus had a more narrow snout, but as the breed became more popular, they began to develop a shorter, more broad muzzle. They also began to have a shorter body, longer ears, and a more luxurious coat.

Today, these dogs are still beloved companions, with their adorable faces and playful personalities. Their popularity has spread throughout the world, and they are recognized by the American Kennel Club as an official breed.

If you want to know more about the history of Shih Tzu breed, check out our article about ancient Chinese history, as well as our article about evolution of the Shih Tzu breed and cross-breeding.

Shih Tzu’s Presence in Imperial China

Throughout history, dogs have played various roles in human society, with some being specifically bred to fulfill significant duties. Among these dog breeds is the Shih Tzu, a breed that dates back to ancient China where they were highly valued and revered by the imperial court. The Shih Tzu’s presence in Imperial China was far more than just an ordinary dog’s relationship with its owners. Shi Tzu’s were not just pets, but cherished companions of the royals, and their presence in the royal court showcased the breed’s high status and cultural significance. Let’s delve deep into the intriguing history of Shih Tzu’s role in Imperial China.

Role in the Royal Court

During Imperial China, Shih Tzu dogs were highly regarded for their loyalty, intelligence, and adorable appearance. As such, they were commonly kept as pets within the royal court, where they served a variety of roles beyond just being a cute companion.

One of the most significant roles that the Shih Tzu played in the royal court was that of a watchdog. Due to their acute hearing and strong sense of smell, these small dogs were able to alert the guards of any potential intruders during the night. This made them valuable additions to the court’s security, helping to keep the Emperor and his family safe from harm.

In addition to this important role, the Shih Tzu were also valued as symbols of wealth and power within the court. Owning one of these adorable dogs was seen as a sign of great status, and many noble families strove to acquire the most well-bred and well-behaved dogs possible. Some even went so far as to commission portraits of their beloved pets, cementing their position as a truly valuable and beloved member of the family.

But beyond their practical and symbolic roles within the court, the Shih Tzu were also beloved simply for their companionship and entertainment value. The Emperor and his family would often play with their dogs, teaching them tricks and enjoying their playful nature. Some even went so far as to dress their pets in elaborate costumes or decorate their fur with intricate patterns, further highlighting the special place that these dogs held in the court.

The Shih Tzu played a significant and cherished role within the royal court of Imperial China. Their loyalty, intelligence, and adorable appearance made them valuable watchdogs and beloved companions, and they continue to hold a special place in many people’s hearts to this day.

Roles in Imperial China	Description
Watchdog	Their acute hearing and strong sense of smell made them valuable additions to the court’s security system
Symbols of wealth and power	Owning one of these dogs was seen as a sign of great status and many noble families commissioned portraits of their beloved pets
Companionship and entertainment value	The Emperor and his family often played with their dogs, teaching them tricks, and simply enjoying their company

Popularity Among Emperors

During Imperial China, Shih Tzu dogs were highly prized by the emperors and imperial families. These small dogs were regarded as a symbol of royalty and luxury, as owning one would signify prestige and power. They were often given as gifts to visiting dignitaries and foreign leaders, as a token of good faith and respect.

It was believed that the Shih Tzu breed had a calming effect on the palace and its inhabitants, and they were considered to be good luck charms. The imperial courtiers would groom and care for them with great attention, ensuring they stayed healthy and happy. Often, the dogs were taken to temple ceremonies, where they were blessed and prayed for.

The Dowager Empress Cixi was known to have a particular fondness for Shih Tzu dogs. She was an avid breeder and had a special palace built just for her dogs, complete with marble floors and ornate furnishings. She even employed a team of dedicated household staff to care for her beloved Shih Tzus.

The emperors themselves were also known to be quite taken with Shih Tzu dogs. Emperor Kangxi was fond of his pets and would take them hunting with him. Emperor Qianlong adored his dogs so much that he even wrote poetry about them. The Shih Tzu breed was a constant presence at the imperial court, serving as trusted companions and cherished pets.

Their popularity among the emperors only added to the special status of the Shih Tzu breed. It reinforced the notion that these dogs were a symbol of wealth, refinement, and power. Today, the Shih Tzu continues to be a beloved breed around the world, with many people still drawn to their elegant and aristocratic demeanor.

Symbolism and Cultural Significance

The Shih Tzu breed, with its charming appearance and lovable personality, was more than just a lapdog in Imperial China. These furry companions were believed to bring good fortune, prosperity, and luck to their owners.

In fact, the Shih Tzu was considered to be a sacred dog, and their association with the Buddhist deity, Lion Dog, only added to their cultural significance. The Lion Dog was a symbol of loyalty and good luck, and the Emperor himself was believed to be a reincarnation of the Lion Dog.

Symbolism and Significance of Shih Tzu in Imperial China

Symbolism	Significance
Good Fortune	Shih Tzu dogs were believed to bring good luck and prosperity to their owners. They were often given as gifts to high-ranking officials and dignitaries as a symbol of good faith and favor.
Royalty	Shih Tzu dogs were exclusively bred for the Imperial Court and were only owned by royalty or aristocracy. Owning a Shih Tzu became a symbol of social status and wealth.
Protective	Shih Tzu dogs were valued for their protective nature and were often kept close to members of the Imperial Family. They were trained to bark at any potential danger, and their small stature made them an ideal indoor watchdog.
Artistic Inspiration	The Shih Tzu breed was often depicted in paintings and sculptures alongside members of the Imperial Family, and became a popular artistic subject in Chinese culture. Their charming appearance and captivating personality inspired many artists and poets.

The Shih Tzu also played a role in Chinese literature and folklore as a symbol of good fortune, and were often featured in stories and legends.

Cultural Significance

The Shih Tzu’s cultural significance extends beyond just their symbolism in Chinese culture. These lovable companions were also instrumental in preserving the heritage and culture of the Imperial Court.

As the sole companion to the members of the Imperial Family, the Shih Tzu was often depicted in portraits and paintings, and became an integral part of the cultural legacy of the era. Even in modern times, the Shih Tzu continues to serve as a representation of the rich cultural history of China.

The Shih Tzu’s symbolism and cultural significance in Imperial China cannot be overstated. These furry companions served as a representation of royalty, good fortune, and protection, and their association with the Lion Dog only added to their cultural significance. Today, the Shih Tzu continues to serve as a beloved companion and a symbol of China’s rich cultural heritage.

Shih Tzu in Modern Times

As we fast forward to the present, the Shih Tzu is no longer solely reserved for the imperial courts of China. In modern times, this breed has spread far from its origins and has gained love and affection from dog lovers around the globe. Let’s take a closer look at the Shih Tzu’s journey from the imperial courts to the cozy homes of dog lovers all over the world.

Spread to the West

The spread of Shih Tzu to the West is a fascinating story that showcases the breed’s charm and appeal. While it is not entirely clear how the first Shih Tzu made their way from China to the West, it is believed that they were brought over by military service members or diplomats.

Once in the West, the breed quickly gained popularity amongst dog lovers who were captivated by their adorable appearance and lively personality. In the 1930s, the first Shih Tzu breed club was established in England, and the breed was officially recognized by the Kennel Club.

However, the popularity of the Shih Tzu in the West has not been without controversy. Some experts claim that the emphasis on appearance over soundness and health has led to an increase in health issues among the breed, including respiratory problems and skin allergies.

Despite this, Shih Tzu remain a beloved breed in the West, with many families welcoming these charming and affectionate dogs into their homes. In fact, the breed regularly ranks among the top ten most popular breeds in the United States, according to the American Kennel Club.

To help you better understand the popularity of Shih Tzu in the West, the following table provides a snapshot of the breed’s history in different countries:

As you can see, the Shih Tzu has truly become a global phenomenon, with dog lovers around the world flocking to this charming breed. While it is important to be mindful of potential health issues, the love and companionship that these dogs bring to their families make them an enduring favorite.

Popularity Today

Today, the popularity of the Shih Tzu breed continues to soar. In fact, according to the American Kennel Club (AKC), the breed has consistently ranked among the top 20 most popular dog breeds in the United States.

One of the reasons for the breed’s enduring popularity is its adaptability to different lifestyles. Shih Tzus can thrive in both urban and suburban settings, and they are well-suited for families with children or for seniors looking for a loyal companion.

In addition to being a great family pet, Shih Tzus are also beloved by many celebrity owners. Stars like Beyoncé, Mariah Carey, and Bill Gates have all been known to share their lives with these lovable pups.

But it’s not just celebrities who appreciate the Shih Tzu’s charms. The breed’s friendly, affectionate nature and low-shedding coat have won over countless dog lovers around the world. And as demand for the breed continues to grow, responsible breeding practices are more important than ever to ensure the health and well-being of future generations of Shih Tzus.

The Shih Tzu’s popularity today is a testament to its enduring appeal as a beloved companion dog. Whether curled up on the couch or out for a walk in the park, these little lion dogs continue to capture hearts and bring joy to households everywhere.

Adaptability:	Shih Tzus can adapt to different lifestyles such as urban, suburban and family settings
Celebrity Owners:	Beyoncé, Mariah Carey, and Bill Gates have been known to own Shih Tzus
Low-Shedding Coat:	Shih Tzus have a low-shedding coat that has won over countless dog lovers around the world
Responsible Breeding:	As demand for the breed grows, responsible breeding practices are more important than ever to ensure the health and well-being of future generations of Shih Tzus
Enduring Appeal:	The enduring appeal of Shih Tzus as beloved companion dogs continues to capture hearts and bring joy to households everywhere.

Conclusion

After delving into the rich history and cultural significance of the Shih Tzu breed in Imperial China and beyond, it’s clear that these adorable and aristocratic dogs are much more than just a pretty face. From their royal origins to their symbolism as guardians and symbols of good fortune, the Shih Tzu has left a lasting mark on Chinese culture and has become a beloved companion to many around the world.

But it’s not just their history and cultural significance that make Shih Tzu so popular. They are also fiercely loyal, affectionate, and playful, making them the perfect family pet. Their smaller size also makes them ideal for those living in smaller spaces.

Furthermore, the spread of the Shih Tzu breed to the West has only increased their popularity and brought attention to their unique characteristics and charming personalities. From celebrities to everyday families, the Shih Tzu has cemented its place as a beloved pet for all.

In conclusion, the Shih Tzu’s regal origins, cultural symbolism, and lovable personality have solidified its place in the hearts of many, and it’s not hard to understand why they have become such a sought-after breed. So, whether you are looking for a faithful companion or simply want to learn more about the fascinating history of this breed, the Shih Tzu is a dog that is sure to capture your heart and imagination.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the origin of the name “Shih Tzu”?

Shih Tzu translates to “lion dog” in Mandarin Chinese, which is believed to be a reference to their appearance resembling that of a lion.

Are Shih Tzus hypoallergenic?

No, Shih Tzus are not considered to be hypoallergenic, but they do have a single coat, which can make them less likely to trigger allergies in some people.

What is the average lifespan of a Shih Tzu?

The average lifespan of a Shih Tzu is between 10 and 16 years, though some have been known to live into their early 20s with proper care.

Do Shih Tzus shed a lot?

Although Shih Tzus have a single coat, they do shed, especially during seasonal changes. Regular grooming can minimize shedding.

Are Shih Tzus good with children?

Shih Tzus can make great family dogs and are generally good with children, though it’s important to supervise any interactions, especially with younger children, to ensure both the children and the dog are safe.

Are Shih Tzus easy to train?

Shih Tzus can be a bit stubborn and independent, which can make training a challenge. However, with patience, consistency, and positive reinforcement, they can learn various obedience commands and tricks.

What is the average weight of a Shih Tzu?

The average weight of a Shih Tzu is between 9 and 16 pounds, though some can weigh as little as 6 pounds or as much as 18 pounds.

Do Shih Tzus require a lot of exercise?

Shih Tzus do not require a lot of exercise and can be satisfied with short walks and playtime indoors. However, it’s important to provide them with daily exercise to maintain their overall health and prevent obesity.

What is the personality of a Shih Tzu like?

Shih Tzus are known for their friendly and outgoing personalities. They are independent and can be a bit stubborn at times, but they are also affectionate and loyal to their owners.

Do Shih Tzus make good apartment dogs?

Yes, Shih Tzus can make excellent apartment dogs because of their small size and low exercise requirements. They are content to spend most of their time indoors with their owners.